📈 PPS ↔ Bandwidth

Convert between packet rate and bandwidth, with encapsulation overhead.

PPS + frame size → Bandwidth Bandwidth + frame size → PPS

Frame size (bytes, L2, incl. FCS)

Packets per second

Encapsulation / framing overhead

MPLS labels (×4B each)

Result

Reference: max PPS at 64B frames (line rate, L1 overhead included)

Link speed	Max PPS (64B frames)